While cats may seem harder to read than dogs, there are plenty of things that your cat’s body language and behaviour are communicating. Behind the slow blinks and flicking tails, our feline friends have plenty of ways to let us know how they’re feeling, if we know what to look out for.

Whether your cat is meowing at the door, kneading your lap, or staring intently from across the room, each behaviour carries meaning. If you learn what signals to look out for and understand what they mean, you’ll strengthen your bond with your furry friend and meet their emotional and physical needs much more effectively.

If you notice anything unusual in your cat’s behaviour, it’s a good idea to take them for a checkup at the vet. If you haven’t already, it’s advisable to choose a comprehensive pet insurance policy that covers vet fees for unexpected accidents or illnesses. That way, you’ll have some financial protection and peace of mind, should your cat ever need emergency treatment or medication.

Body Language Basics – Ears & Eyes

Your cat might not speak your language, but they’re constantly ‘talking’ through their body. If you watch your cat’s ears, you get a good idea of how they feel. Forward-facing ears usually indicate that they’re feeling curious, alert, or playful. Swivelling ears show that they’re on high alert and they’re trying to pick up sounds from every direction. If your cat is feeling scared or threatened, they will flatten their ears, which means you should give them some space.

Cats tend to blink slowly as a sign of trust and affection, while narrowed eyes could indicate that they are feeling calm and relaxed, or possibly slightly annoyed. Dilated pupils can also indicate your cat is feeling calm, however, it can mean they are annoyed too, so context is key.

Common Signs of Affection

Cats might have a reputation for being aloof, but when they love you, they show it. If your cat bumps their head against you or rubs their cheeks on your leg, they’re marking you with their scent. This is a bonding behaviour that is your cat’s way of saying ‘you’re mine’ and is comfortable around you. Another common indicator that your cat is comfortable is if they knead you. Kneading (sometimes affectionately called ‘making biscuits’ by cat lovers) is a comforting behaviour that cats learn when they’re young and is their way of showing affection.

Your cat may choose to curl up on your lap, by your side, or even just in the same room as you, which shows that they feel safe and relaxed with you. Another common sign that your cat loves you is if they bring you ‘gifts’, whether it’s a toy, leaf or an unfortunate mouse or bird. As icky as it can be, your cat is hunting on your behalf and bringing you their prizes because they love you, so try not to react too negatively!

What Do Meows, Chirps, & Purrs Mean?

The meows, chirps and purrs of cats are a whole language in itself, and one they developed especially to communicate with humans. Cats rarely meow at each other, but they’ll frequently meow and chirp to humans as a way of greeting you and getting your attention. A short, soft meow is your cat’s way of saying ‘Hi’, while repetitive meows are their way of getting your attention, whether they want feeding or a fuss. A long, drawn-out yowl could be out of attention-seeking or boredom.

Many people know that cats purr when they’re happy, but did you know they can also purr when they’re in pain or feeling anxious? As per the Blue Cross, cats purr when they’re frightened, feeling unwell or in pain as a way to self-soothe.

Cats chirp and trill when they’re happy, excited or trying to get your attention. Some cats chirp when they’re watching birds out the window, while mother cats use trills to call their kittens.

What Your Cat’s Tail Is Saying

A cat’s tail is rarely still, they’re constantly twitching and curling to reflect how they feel. For example, a tail held high usually means your cat is happy, confident, and feeling sociable. If the tip is curled slightly like a question mark, it can be a friendly invitation to play or interact. A puffed-up tail usually means they are feeling frightened or startled, while a twitching or flicking tail could indicate they’re feeling irritated, agitated, or intensely focused.

A tail held low or tucked between the legs usually signals anxiety, fear, or submission. It’s best to approach the cat gently or give them space. A flicking or swishing tail can mean your cat is feeling agitated or even irritated, especially if it’s paired with flattened ears or narrowed eyes. If the flicks become fast and forceful, it may be a sign your cat’s about to pounce, hiss, or swat.

Hiding & Sleeping Spaces – What They’re Really Telling You

As per Cats Protection, cats typically sleep anywhere from 12 to 18 hours per day. They will tend to sleep anywhere they can, as long as they’re warm and comfortable. However, their choice of hiding or sleeping spots can give you important clues about their mood, comfort levels, and even their health.

When your cat chooses to sleep near you or on your lap, it’s a sign of affection and trust. If your cat finds more secluded places to rest, it could mean they’re feeling stressed, insecure, or unwell. Cats may retreat to these spots when they need time to themselves or if they’re feeling overwhelmed. If your cat is avoiding their usual resting places and spending an excessive amount of time hidden away, it might indicate discomfort, anxiety, or illness. You may want to contact the vet to get their advice or to book an appointment if so.

What It Might Mean When Their Habits & Body Language Changes

Cats are creatures of habit, and any significant change in their usual behaviour or body language could be a sign that something’s wrong. Whether your cat suddenly becomes moody when they’re usually very affectionate or your cat has started sleeping in unusual places, it could indicate underlying issues.

As their owner, you’ll be familiar with your cat’s typical behaviour and unique quirks. If you notice their sleeping and eating habits have changed, it could be because they’re feeling unwell. Your cat may also start excessively hiding or become aggressive if they’re in pain, frightened or feeling threatened.

You should also keep an eye out for your cat’s body language to see how your cat is feeling depending on the environment. Watch their ears, eyes and tails for signs that your cat is feeling relaxed, on edge or frightened.

If you’re worried about your cat for whatever reason, contact the vet as soon as you can. As explained, your cat has many different ways to communicate, and the majority of the time will be happy and healthy, but even if you spot a minor change in their behaviour, it's best to check with your vet for peace of mind.